CÂU HỎI
Why is housing unaffordable in our cities?
Phòng hồ sơ công khai. Các thẻ của phòng là những nhận định mọi người đã nêu trong thảo luận công khai; mỗi nhận định được nói ở đâu được liệt kê trong kho chung, dưới nhận định đó. Một hội đồng mô hình ngôn ngữ đã làm rõ các thẻ và đánh giá các cặp: bản đồ này là cách các mô hình cấu trúc điều công chúng nói, không phải điều một nhóm người đã tìm ra. Phòng chỉ được tính cùng các phòng hồ sơ công khai khác. Nghiên cứu liên quan: nói cho một mô hình biết nó là ai, và các phán đoán nhân quả của nó hầu như không đổi, vì thế hội đồng này đánh giá với tư cách chính nó, không có nhân vật giả định.
Liên kết được nêu trong thảo luận công khai (1)
Theo cách kho chung đã đếm: ai nêu một liên kết, ai bác bỏ nó. Hãy so với bản đồ của hội đồng; cả hai đều không phải phán quyết của một nhóm.
- Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards. → Zoning irresponsibly near heavy transit restricts housing development. mỏng
Nói rõ ý bạn. Hai thẻ chỉ được gộp nếu cả hai tác giả đồng ý.
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Chỉ gộp khi cả hai tác giả đồng ý. Hãy bàn về ý nghĩa trong phần thảo luận của thẻ trước khi gộp bất cứ thứ gì.
đang chờ "Developers have an incentive t…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "American life is structured to…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Progressive politicians block …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "House prices in the UK are hig…" → "The reason more isn’t being bu…"
đang chờ "More housing units on the mark…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "People resist newcomers to mai…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "New housing marketed to foreig…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "The UK government has introduc…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đã gộp "The UK needs to build 250k mor…" → "The UK government has introduc…"
đang chờ "Deliberate policy turned homes…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Zoning limits areas to single …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Developers have an incentive t…" → "Rent control disincentivizes b…"
đang chờ "Property rights give owners pr…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "The main reason we don't have …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "The reason more isn’t being bu…" → "Developers tend to build large…"
đang chờ "Prop 13 creates broken incenti…" → "Proposition 13 limited annual …"
đang chờ "SF has a complicated review pr…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "House prices in the UK are hig…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Unoccupied properties could be…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Resources for public transit a…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Transportation costs offset sa…" → "Living outside the subway syst…"
đang chờ "House prices in outlying areas…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Building smaller housing can a…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "YIMBY policies economically po…" → "Homeowners often oppose young …"
đang chờ "Developers tend to build large…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Housing shortages are treated …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Residents voting may not want …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Prop 13 removes incentives for…" → "Prop 13 creates broken incenti…"
đã gộp "Living outside the subway syst…" → "People living far from employm…"
đang chờ "Tall buildings are why Tokyo i…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Wallingford will be valuable a…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Zoning limits areas to single …" → "The UK government has introduc…"
đã gộp "We can make better use of exis…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đã gộp "The UK needs to build 250k mor…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Transportation costs offset sa…" → "There is so much demand and mo…"
đang chờ "Bay Area cities only watch out…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Developers have an incentive t…" → "Zoning limits areas to single …"
đang chờ "There are many under-utilized …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "There is so much demand and mo…" → "People make money from house p…"
đang chờ "We are consciously limiting su…" → "Tying housing to your largest …"
đang chờ "The UK has a restrictive plann…" → "The UK government has introduc…"
đang chờ "Developers have an incentive t…" → "People resist newcomers to mai…"
đã gộp "NYC enacted rent control inste…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "YIMBYs ignore short and medium…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "High-cost cities have underpro…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Raw materials were suffering a…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "The reason more isn’t being bu…" → "Wealthy people want to restric…"
đang chờ "The reason more isn’t being bu…" → "Raw materials were suffering a…"
đang chờ "Zoning is often abused to prot…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "The UK has a restrictive plann…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Prop 13 creates broken incenti…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "YIMBY policies economically po…" → "Tying housing to your largest …"
đang chờ "A lack of inventory is fuellin…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "People living far from employm…" → "Living outside the subway syst…"
đang chờ "Rent control disincentivizes b…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Prop 13 removes incentives for…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "The upstart cost is too much f…" → "Corporate ownership of purpose…"
đang chờ "The reason more isn’t being bu…" → "The main reason we don't have …"
đang chờ "YIMBY policies economically po…" → "There is a longstanding and di…"
đang chờ "People living far from employm…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Prop 13 removes incentives for…" → "Proposition 13 limited annual …"
đang chờ "Governments encourage treating…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "NIMBY exists to protect most p…" → "Property rights give owners pr…"
đang chờ "Working class homeowners have …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "High density development happe…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Zoning is often abused to prot…" → "Property rights give owners pr…"
đang chờ "Residents voting may not want …" → "Developers have an incentive t…"
đang chờ "Wealthy people want to restric…" → "Property rights give owners pr…"
đang chờ "The reason more isn’t being bu…" → "Resources for public transit a…"
đang chờ "LA is too big and sparse for g…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "There is so much demand and mo…" → "Sprawl leads to long commutes …"
đang chờ "There is so much demand and mo…" → "The UK has a restrictive plann…"
đang chờ "More density leads to a downgr…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Corporate ownership of purpose…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Residents voting may not want …" → "Property rights give owners pr…"
đang chờ "People impose rules that prohi…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Sprawl leads to long commutes …" → "Living outside the subway syst…"
đang chờ "Housing shortages are treated …" → "YIMBY policies economically po…"
đang chờ "Housing relies on rising house…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Developers have an incentive t…" → "The UK needs to build 250k mor…"
đang chờ "People who work in the city ca…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Homeowners often oppose young …" → "Working class homeowners have …"
đang chờ "There are illegal to build 5-8…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "NIMBY exists to protect most p…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Vermont lacks a labor pool to …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Zoning irresponsibly near heav…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Housing prices in Seattle will…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đã gộp "People make money from house p…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Sprawl leads to long commutes …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "A city's land is a scarce reso…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "YIMBY policies economically po…" → "People impose rules that prohi…"
đang chờ "The San Francisco Left is agai…" → "Tax disincentivizes boomers fr…"
đang chờ "Federally owned land limits op…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Homeowners often oppose young …" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "There is so much demand and mo…" → "NIMBYs have broken traditional…"
đang chờ "Local control laws allow anyon…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đã gộp "There is a longstanding and di…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "The San Francisco Left is agai…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "America adds 600k-1.2M immigra…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Tax disincentivizes boomers fr…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "Living outside the subway syst…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "The previous Government made a…" → "The UK government has introduc…"
đang chờ "AirBnB/VRBO can only make hous…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đã gộp "The upstart cost is too much f…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
đang chờ "New luxury apartments are boug…" → "Tying housing to your largest …"
đang chờ "Companies concentrate demand f…" → "Affordable housing programs of…"
Corporate ownership of purpose built units is necessary for housing supply.
Large corporations can build housing at scale because they have the capital and risk tolerance to overcome development hurdles.
Chưa ai nói gì.
Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall.
High rents benefit developers financially, creating a disincentive for them to lower prices.
YIMBY policies economically pollute areas with an influx of investment
YIMBY policies can lead to increased economic activity and investment, potentially causing environmental degradation and gentrification.
The reason more isn’t being built is zoning.
There is so much demand and money that prices won't go down.
Transportation costs offset savings from living further from urban core
Living further out can eliminate any financial benefit from cheaper housing.
Cambridge lowers property tax for owner-occupied homes to incentivize residency.
Cambridge’s tax policy encourages people to buy and live in Cambridge.
House prices in the UK are high because of low supply and buoyant demand.
Limited housing availability combined with strong buyer interest drives up UK prices.
Companies prefer regional housing crises over investing in second tier cities.
Businesses avoid addressing housing issues outside major cities.
The previous Government made anti-supply changes to national planning policy.
The previous government’s changes reduced the amount of land available for new housing developments.
The city council refuses to allow low cost apartments or assist funding them
The city council’s stance prevents affordable housing projects from being built.
We are consciously limiting supply in the Seattle housing market.
Seattle’s policies are intentionally reducing the number of homes available.
House prices in outlying areas declined due to poor transportation.
Homes in areas with bad roads and transport are now cheaper.
New luxury apartments are bought by foreign investors who keep them empty.
Foreign investors purchase luxury apartments and leave them vacant, reducing available housing.
Housing relies on rising house prices to function in the UK.
The UK housing market depends on continuously rising property prices to sustain its financial model.
There are many under-utilized spaces for new construction in the Bay Area.
The Bay Area contains numerous under‑used parcels that could be developed for new housing.
People who work in the city can't afford to live there.
City‑based workers are priced out of local housing and must live far from their jobs.
Property rights give owners priority access to land.
Property rights grant owners the exclusive right to use and control the land they own, giving them priority over others in accessing that land.
The UK government has introduced policies that stimulate demand for housing.
The UK government has implemented policies that increase the demand for housing by encouraging construction, easing planning restrictions, or providing incentives for developers.
Proposition 13 limited annual property tax increases in California.
Proposition 13 caps the annual increase of property taxes in California, limiting them to a maximum of 2% of a property's assessed value or the change in market value, whichever is lower.
Resources for public transit are used for private car infrastructure.
Funds allocated for public transit are often redirected towards the development of private car infrastructure.
Governments encourage treating homes as savings vehicles with tax breaks.
Tax policies like mortgage interest and property tax deductions push people to view homeownership primarily as a way to build wealth rather than as consumption.
LA is too big and sparse for good mass transit.
Los Angeles's low density and sprawling layout make it difficult to build cost-effective, high-capacity public transit systems.
Housing shortages are treated as free money by incumbents.
People who already own housing benefit financially from scarcity, so they have little incentive to support new development that would ease shortages.
Residents voting may not want to change the system.
Homeowners and long-time residents often vote for policies that protect their property values, even if those policies worsen housing affordability for others.
High density development happens without necessary transit investment.
Dense housing is being built in areas where the transit infrastructure to support it does not yet exist.
American life is structured to require a car for transportation.
The layout of American neighborhoods, jobs, and services makes owning a car effectively mandatory for most people.
Housing prices in Seattle will only come down if there's a downturn in the tech industry.
Seattle housing costs are driven primarily by tech-sector demand, so they are unlikely to fall without a major economic shock.
Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards.
Local permitting and environmental review processes give nearby residents a practical ability to block or delay development projects.
NIMBY exists to protect most people's largest financial asset.
NIMBY is primarily concerned with preserving property values and preventing a decrease in housing prices.
Wallingford will be valuable and therefore expensive no matter what housing is built.
The unique character and desirability of Wallingford make it a valuable and sought-after location.
More housing units on the market reduces prices.
The law of supply and demand dictates that more housing units on the market will drive down prices.
Vermont lacks a labor pool to build new housing.
Vermont's labor market lacks a sufficient number of skilled workers to meet the demands of a large-scale construction project.
SF has a complicated review process that lets neighbors hold up permits indefinitely.
This process can lead to delays and inefficiencies in the development process.
Companies concentrate demand for housing in a few areas.
This scarcity of land has led to increased speculation and gentrification.
Prop 13 removes incentives for municipalities to approve new housing.
This policy affects not only new housing but also existing residents who may face increased housing costs.
The San Francisco Left is against creating more places for new people.
Bay Area cities only watch out for themselves, worsening housing issues.
Local governments prioritize their own short-term development over regional coordination, deepening Bay Area’s housing scarcity.
A lack of inventory is fuelling the housing market in St. John's.
Progressive politicians block projects while supporting cheap housing projects.
America adds 600k-1.2M immigrants per year, straining limited supply
Annual immigration growth outpaces existing housing, worsening shortages and rising prices in tight markets.
Deliberate policy turned homes into speculative assets and locked out a generation.
Government policies incentivized housing as investments rather than homes, pricing out younger buyers permanently.
Affordable housing programs often lead to higher overall prices.
Affordable housing programs can paradoxically increase housing prices when demand outstrips supply.
Tying housing to your largest investment creates perverse incentives.
Tying housing values to zoning restrictions encourages wealthy homeowners to prioritize property values over community needs.
Wealthy people want to restrict zoning to inflate their wealth
NIMBYs have broken traditional paths to adulthood and reduced mobility.
Tall buildings are why Tokyo is so affordable.
Tokyo's affordability is a result of having built upwards, increasing housing density.
A city's land is a scarce resource that cannot be doled out freely.
Since cities have a fixed amount of land, it is a scarce resource.
New housing marketed to foreign investors doesn't benefit locals.
High-cost cities have underprovisioned housing and exacerbated sprawl.
The main reason we don't have infinite housing is regulation.
Restrictive zoning and permitting rules are the main reason San Francisco cannot build enough housing.
More density leads to a downgrade in quality of life for residents.
Adding more residents or housing units can reduce privacy, open space, light, and neighborhood livability if infrastructure and design do not keep up.
Unoccupied properties could be used for housing but aren't.
Vacant and underused properties could be converted into housing instead of remaining empty.
There are illegal to build 5-8 story apartment buildings in SF.
San Francisco zoning generally prohibits new 5- to 8-story apartment buildings on many residential parcels.
Zoning irresponsibly near heavy transit restricts housing development.
Unplanned zoning near major transit lines can limit the availability of new housing developments.
Federally owned land limits options for city expansion.
Federal land ownership restricts the city's potential for expansion and development.
Rent control disincentivizes building new rentals, raising costs for new renters.
Tax disincentivizes boomers from buying real estate, reducing demand.
People living far from employment centers depend on driving cars.
Without accessible public transit, people must drive to work if they live far from jobs.
Prop 13 creates broken incentives for housing approval.
Prop 13's property tax rules discourage cities from approving new housing by reducing the financial benefit of development.
Corporate ownership of purpose built units is necessary for housing supply.
Large corporations can build housing at scale because they have the capital and risk tolerance to overcome development hurdles.
Working class homeowners have been pushed out by yuppies.
Rising home prices driven by demand from higher-income buyers have made homeownership unaffordable for working-class residents.
Building smaller housing can avoid luxury housing plateaus.
Building more small units stops the market from reaching a point where only luxury homes are viable.
Zoning is often abused to protect landowners' assets.
Zoning laws are often used by current owners to stop construction that would lower their property value.
YIMBYs ignore short and medium term consequences of their policies
YIMBY advocates focus on long-term outcomes while ignoring the immediate pain of rising rents and gentrification.
AirBnB/VRBO can only make housing prices go up.
Short-term rental apps remove homes from the local market, which inevitably drives up prices for residents.
People resist newcomers to maintain their standard of living.
Homeowners often oppose young people and racial minorities in neighborhoods.
Developers tend to build larger, costlier homes for better returns.
The UK has a restrictive planning regime that makes housebuilding difficult.
Zoning limits areas to single family homes, increasing housing unaffordability.
Zoning limits areas to single family homes, increasing housing unaffordability.
People impose rules that prohibit others from living in the city.
People impose rules that prohibit others from living in the city.
Raw materials were suffering a shortage as little as a year ago.
Raw materials were suffering a shortage as little as a year ago.
Sprawl leads to long commutes and poor quality of life.
Sprawl leads to long commutes and poor quality of life.