归类 · Why is housing unaffordable in our cities?

问题

Why is housing unaffordable in our cities?

公共记录房间。它的卡片是人们在公开讨论中提出的主张；每条主张在哪里说过，列在资源池中该主张之下。一个语言模型评审组澄清了卡片并判断了配对：这张地图是模型对公众所说内容的结构化，而不是一群人得出的结论。它只与其他公共记录房间合并计算。相关研究：告诉模型它是谁，它的因果判断几乎不变，因此这个评审组不设角色，以自身作出判断。

公开讨论中提出的关联（1）

按资源池的统计：谁提出了关联，谁否定了它。请与评审组的地图对照；两者都不是一群人的裁定。

Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards. → Zoning irresponsibly near heavy transit restricts housing development. 稀少

把你认为相似的卡片归为一类。分类只为方便阅读，不决定任何事。

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为什么

关联是对称的——A~B 即 B~A。类别是从成立的关联中自然形成的分组，只有已形成的类别才能被人命名。你自己的关联带有 ✕，可以撤回；你不能移除别人的。类别只用于整理墙，从不限制投票——两张提出相同主张的卡片属于澄清阶段的合并。

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Tall buildings are why Tokyo is so affordable.

Tokyo's affordability is a result of having built upwards, increasing housing density.

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提议的类别 (73) 每条 ~ 关联在 2 名成员做出后成立

Unoccupied properties could be used for housing but aren't.

~ There are many under-…There are many under-utilized spaces for new construction in the Bay Area. (3)

~ Zoning irresponsibly …Zoning irresponsibly near heavy transit restricts housing development. (1) · 1/2

~ High-cost cities have…High-cost cities have underprovisioned housing and exacerbated sprawl. (1) · 1/2

~ New luxury apartments…New luxury apartments are bought by foreign investors who keep them empty. (1) · 1/2

~ More density leads to…More density leads to a downgrade in quality of life for residents. (2)

~ Building smaller hous…Building smaller housing can avoid luxury housing plateaus. (1) · 1/2

~ More housing units on…More housing units on the market reduces prices. (1) · 1/2

讨论

YIMBYs ignore short and medium term consequences of their policies

~ Zoning is often abuse…Zoning is often abused to protect landowners' assets. (3)

~ People who work in th…People who work in the city can't afford to live there. (1) · 1/2

~ AirBnB/VRBO can only …AirBnB/VRBO can only make housing prices go up. (2)

~ There is so much dema…There is so much demand and money that prices won't go down. (1) · 1/2

~ The San Francisco Lef…The San Francisco Left is against creating more places for new people. (1) · 1/2

~ People resist newcome…People resist newcomers to maintain their standard of living. (1) · 1/2

讨论

YIMBY policies economically pollute areas with an influx of investment

~ Developers have an in…Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall. (2)

~ Companies prefer regi…Companies prefer regional housing crises over investing in second tier cities. (1) · 1/2

~ More housing units on…More housing units on the market reduces prices. (1) · 1/2

~ Affordable housing pr…Affordable housing programs often lead to higher overall prices. (2)

~ House prices in the U…House prices in the UK are high because of low supply and buoyant demand. (1) · 1/2

~ Wealthy people want t…Wealthy people want to restrict zoning to inflate their wealth (2)

~ New luxury apartments…New luxury apartments are bought by foreign investors who keep them empty. (1) · 1/2

~ SF has a complicated …SF has a complicated review process that lets neighbors hold up permits indefinitely. (1) · 1/2

~ Housing prices in Sea…Housing prices in Seattle will only come down if there's a downturn in the tech industry. (1) · 1/2

~ Property rights give …Property rights give owners priority access to land. (1) · 1/2

~ High density developm…High density development happens without necessary transit investment. (1) · 1/2

~ Tying housing to your…Tying housing to your largest investment creates perverse incentives. (1) · 1/2

讨论

New luxury apartments are bought by foreign investors who keep them empty.

~ LA is too big and spa…LA is too big and sparse for good mass transit. (2)

~ New housing marketed …New housing marketed to foreign investors doesn't benefit locals. (5)

~ AirBnB/VRBO can only …AirBnB/VRBO can only make housing prices go up. (3)

~ Unoccupied properties…Unoccupied properties could be used for housing but aren't. (1) · 1/2

~ Wallingford will be v…Wallingford will be valuable and therefore expensive no matter what housing is built. (1) · 1/2

~ People who work in th…People who work in the city can't afford to live there. (1) · 1/2

~ Building smaller hous…Building smaller housing can avoid luxury housing plateaus. (1) · 1/2

~ Housing relies on ris…Housing relies on rising house prices to function in the UK. (1) · 1/2

~ YIMBY policies econom…YIMBY policies economically pollute areas with an influx of investment (1) · 1/2

~ Developers have an in…Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Working class homeowners have been pushed out by yuppies.

~ Building smaller hous…Building smaller housing can avoid luxury housing plateaus. (3)

~ People who work in th…People who work in the city can't afford to live there. (1) · 1/2

~ The San Francisco Lef…The San Francisco Left is against creating more places for new people. (1) · 1/2

~ Corporate ownership o…Corporate ownership of purpose built units is necessary for housing supply. (2)

~ Cambridge lowers prop…Cambridge lowers property tax for owner-occupied homes to incentivize residency. (1) · 1/2

~ Homeowners often oppo…Homeowners often oppose young people and racial minorities in neighborhoods. (1) · 1/2

讨论

There are many under-utilized spaces for new construction in the Bay Area.

~ Unoccupied properties…Unoccupied properties could be used for housing but aren't. (3)

~ High-cost cities have…High-cost cities have underprovisioned housing and exacerbated sprawl. (1) · 1/2

~ Tall buildings are wh…Tall buildings are why Tokyo is so affordable. (1) · 1/2

~ Federally owned land …Federally owned land limits options for city expansion. (2)

~ More density leads to…More density leads to a downgrade in quality of life for residents. (1) · 1/2

~ There are illegal to …There are illegal to build 5-8 story apartment buildings in SF. (1) · 1/2

~ A city's land is a sc…A city's land is a scarce resource that cannot be doled out freely. (1) · 1/2

~ People who work in th…People who work in the city can't afford to live there. (1) · 1/2

~ The main reason we do…The main reason we don't have infinite housing is regulation. (1) · 1/2

讨论

NIMBYs have broken traditional paths to adulthood and reduced mobility.

~ Housing shortages are…Housing shortages are treated as free money by incumbents. (1) · 1/2

~ NIMBY exists to prote…NIMBY exists to protect most people's largest financial asset. (2)

~ Housing relies on ris…Housing relies on rising house prices to function in the UK. (1) · 1/2

~ Residents voting may …Residents voting may not want to change the system. (1) · 1/2

~ Wealthy people want t…Wealthy people want to restrict zoning to inflate their wealth (2)

~ Homeowners often oppo…Homeowners often oppose young people and racial minorities in neighborhoods. (2)

~ Deliberate policy tur…Deliberate policy turned homes into speculative assets and locked out a generation. (1) · 1/2

~ Tall buildings are wh…Tall buildings are why Tokyo is so affordable. (2)

~ People resist newcome…People resist newcomers to maintain their standard of living. (1) · 1/2

讨论

LA is too big and sparse for good mass transit.

~ New luxury apartments…New luxury apartments are bought by foreign investors who keep them empty. (2)

~ Resources for public …Resources for public transit are used for private car infrastructure. (2)

~ American life is stru…American life is structured to require a car for transportation. (2)

~ Developers tend to bu…Developers tend to build larger, costlier homes for better returns. (1) · 1/2

~ There are illegal to …There are illegal to build 5-8 story apartment buildings in SF. (2)

~ High density developm…High density development happens without necessary transit investment. (1) · 1/2

~ Housing prices in Sea…Housing prices in Seattle will only come down if there's a downturn in the tech industry. (1) · 1/2

~ Local control laws al…Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Wallingford will be valuable and therefore expensive no matter what housing is built.

~ A lack of inventory i…A lack of inventory is fuelling the housing market in St. John's. (1) · 1/2

~ NIMBY exists to prote…NIMBY exists to protect most people's largest financial asset. (2)

~ The reason more isn’t…The reason more isn’t being built is zoning. (2)

~ Rent control disincen…Rent control disincentivizes building new rentals, raising costs for new renters. (1) · 1/2

~ New luxury apartments…New luxury apartments are bought by foreign investors who keep them empty. (1) · 1/2

~ Wealthy people want t…Wealthy people want to restrict zoning to inflate their wealth (1) · 1/2

讨论

The reason more isn’t being built is zoning.

~ House prices in outly…House prices in outlying areas declined due to poor transportation. (1) · 1/2

~ Local control laws al…Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards. (1) · 1/2

~ There are illegal to …There are illegal to build 5-8 story apartment buildings in SF. (2)

~ The city council refu…The city council refuses to allow low cost apartments or assist funding them (2)

~ Zoning irresponsibly …Zoning irresponsibly near heavy transit restricts housing development. (2)

~ The UK has a restrict…The UK has a restrictive planning regime that makes housebuilding difficult. (1) · 1/2

~ A city's land is a sc…A city's land is a scarce resource that cannot be doled out freely. (2)

~ Zoning limits areas t…Zoning limits areas to single family homes, increasing housing unaffordability. (2)

~ The main reason we do…The main reason we don't have infinite housing is regulation. (4)

~ Wallingford will be v…Wallingford will be valuable and therefore expensive no matter what housing is built. (2)

~ People impose rules t…People impose rules that prohibit others from living in the city. (1) · 1/2

~ Federally owned land …Federally owned land limits options for city expansion. (2)

~ There is so much dema…There is so much demand and money that prices won't go down. (1) · 1/2

~ Prop 13 creates broke…Prop 13 creates broken incentives for housing approval. (1) · 1/2

~ Progressive politicia…Progressive politicians block projects while supporting cheap housing projects. (1) · 1/2

~ America adds 600k-1.2…America adds 600k-1.2M immigrants per year, straining limited supply (1) · 1/2

~ The UK government has…The UK government has introduced policies that stimulate demand for housing. (1) · 1/2

~ NIMBY exists to prote…NIMBY exists to protect most people's largest financial asset. (1) · 1/2

~ Housing shortages are…Housing shortages are treated as free money by incumbents. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Federally owned land limits options for city expansion.

~ SF has a complicated …SF has a complicated review process that lets neighbors hold up permits indefinitely. (1) · 1/2

~ More housing units on…More housing units on the market reduces prices. (1) · 1/2

~ The reason more isn’t…The reason more isn’t being built is zoning. (2)

~ There are many under-…There are many under-utilized spaces for new construction in the Bay Area. (2)

~ Rent control disincen…Rent control disincentivizes building new rentals, raising costs for new renters. (3)

~ Zoning irresponsibly …Zoning irresponsibly near heavy transit restricts housing development. (1) · 1/2

~ There are illegal to …There are illegal to build 5-8 story apartment buildings in SF. (1) · 1/2

~ The UK government has…The UK government has introduced policies that stimulate demand for housing. (1) · 1/2

~ A city's land is a sc…A city's land is a scarce resource that cannot be doled out freely. (1) · 1/2

~ Vermont lacks a labor…Vermont lacks a labor pool to build new housing. (1) · 1/2

~ ? (1) · 1/2

讨论

AirBnB/VRBO can only make housing prices go up.

~ People resist newcome…People resist newcomers to maintain their standard of living. (3)

~ New housing marketed …New housing marketed to foreign investors doesn't benefit locals. (1) · 1/2

~ New luxury apartments…New luxury apartments are bought by foreign investors who keep them empty. (3)

~ YIMBYs ignore short a…YIMBYs ignore short and medium term consequences of their policies (2)

~ There is so much dema…There is so much demand and money that prices won't go down. (1) · 1/2

~ The UK has a restrict…The UK has a restrictive planning regime that makes housebuilding difficult. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Proposition 13 limited annual property tax increases in California.

~ The San Francisco Lef…The San Francisco Left is against creating more places for new people. (1) · 1/2

~ Prop 13 removes incen…Prop 13 removes incentives for municipalities to approve new housing. (3)

~ Prop 13 creates broke…Prop 13 creates broken incentives for housing approval. (5)

~ Cambridge lowers prop…Cambridge lowers property tax for owner-occupied homes to incentivize residency. (1) · 1/2

~ The UK government has…The UK government has introduced policies that stimulate demand for housing. (1) · 1/2

~ Rent control disincen…Rent control disincentivizes building new rentals, raising costs for new renters. (1) · 1/2

~ Residents voting may …Residents voting may not want to change the system. (1) · 1/2

~ High density developm…High density development happens without necessary transit investment. (1) · 1/2

讨论

There is so much demand and money that prices won't go down.

~ Companies concentrate…Companies concentrate demand for housing in a few areas. (3)

~ Developers have an in…Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall. (3)

~ Housing prices in Sea…Housing prices in Seattle will only come down if there's a downturn in the tech industry. (4)

~ Wealthy people want t…Wealthy people want to restrict zoning to inflate their wealth (1) · 1/2

~ A lack of inventory i…A lack of inventory is fuelling the housing market in St. John's. (2)

~ Corporate ownership o…Corporate ownership of purpose built units is necessary for housing supply. (1) · 1/2

~ America adds 600k-1.2…America adds 600k-1.2M immigrants per year, straining limited supply (2)

~ ? (2)

~ YIMBYs ignore short a…YIMBYs ignore short and medium term consequences of their policies (1) · 1/2

~ AirBnB/VRBO can only …AirBnB/VRBO can only make housing prices go up. (1) · 1/2

~ The San Francisco Lef…The San Francisco Left is against creating more places for new people. (1) · 1/2

~ The UK government has…The UK government has introduced policies that stimulate demand for housing. (1) · 1/2

~ More housing units on…More housing units on the market reduces prices. (2)

~ The reason more isn’t…The reason more isn’t being built is zoning. (1) · 1/2

~ Transportation costs …Transportation costs offset savings from living further from urban core (1) · 1/2

讨论

Rent control disincentivizes building new rentals, raising costs for new renters.

~ New housing marketed …New housing marketed to foreign investors doesn't benefit locals. (1) · 1/2

~ More housing units on…More housing units on the market reduces prices. (1) · 1/2

~ Affordable housing pr…Affordable housing programs often lead to higher overall prices. (1) · 1/2

~ Tax disincentivizes b…Tax disincentivizes boomers from buying real estate, reducing demand. (1) · 1/2

~ Federally owned land …Federally owned land limits options for city expansion. (3)

~ Wallingford will be v…Wallingford will be valuable and therefore expensive no matter what housing is built. (1) · 1/2

~ Progressive politicia…Progressive politicians block projects while supporting cheap housing projects. (1) · 1/2

~ Proposition 13 limite…Proposition 13 limited annual property tax increases in California. (1) · 1/2

~ Developers have an in…Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall. (1) · 1/2

~ The UK has a restrict…The UK has a restrictive planning regime that makes housebuilding difficult. (1) · 1/2

讨论

NIMBY exists to protect most people's largest financial asset.

~ The UK government has…The UK government has introduced policies that stimulate demand for housing. (1) · 1/2

~ Tying housing to your…Tying housing to your largest investment creates perverse incentives. (1) · 1/2

~ Local control laws al…Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards. (1) · 1/2

~ Wallingford will be v…Wallingford will be valuable and therefore expensive no matter what housing is built. (2)

~ NIMBYs have broken tr…NIMBYs have broken traditional paths to adulthood and reduced mobility. (2)

~ Residents voting may …Residents voting may not want to change the system. (2)

~ Zoning is often abuse…Zoning is often abused to protect landowners' assets. (1) · 1/2

~ Wealthy people want t…Wealthy people want to restrict zoning to inflate their wealth (1) · 1/2

~ Tall buildings are wh…Tall buildings are why Tokyo is so affordable. (1) · 1/2

~ People who work in th…People who work in the city can't afford to live there. (1) · 1/2

~ ? (2)

~ Housing shortages are…Housing shortages are treated as free money by incumbents. (1) · 1/2

~ Developers have an in…Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall. (1) · 1/2

~ SF has a complicated …SF has a complicated review process that lets neighbors hold up permits indefinitely. (1) · 1/2

~ The reason more isn’t…The reason more isn’t being built is zoning. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Companies prefer regional housing crises over investing in second tier cities.

~ Local control laws al…Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards. (1) · 1/2

~ Companies concentrate…Companies concentrate demand for housing in a few areas. (4)

~ YIMBY policies econom…YIMBY policies economically pollute areas with an influx of investment (1) · 1/2

~ Bay Area cities only …Bay Area cities only watch out for themselves, worsening housing issues. (2)

~ Governments encourage…Governments encourage treating homes as savings vehicles with tax breaks. (1) · 1/2

~ Prop 13 removes incen…Prop 13 removes incentives for municipalities to approve new housing. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Vermont lacks a labor pool to build new housing.

~ Governments encourage…Governments encourage treating homes as savings vehicles with tax breaks. (1) · 1/2

~ Zoning irresponsibly …Zoning irresponsibly near heavy transit restricts housing development. (2)

~ America adds 600k-1.2…America adds 600k-1.2M immigrants per year, straining limited supply (2)

~ Raw materials were su…Raw materials were suffering a shortage as little as a year ago. (2)

~ There are illegal to …There are illegal to build 5-8 story apartment buildings in SF. (1) · 1/2

~ Local control laws al…Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards. (1) · 1/2

~ People who work in th…People who work in the city can't afford to live there. (1) · 1/2

~ American life is stru…American life is structured to require a car for transportation. (1) · 1/2

~ Cambridge lowers prop…Cambridge lowers property tax for owner-occupied homes to incentivize residency. (1) · 1/2

~ Federally owned land …Federally owned land limits options for city expansion. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Zoning limits areas to single family homes, increasing housing unaffordability.

~ The UK has a restrict…The UK has a restrictive planning regime that makes housebuilding difficult. (3)

~ More housing units on…More housing units on the market reduces prices. (1) · 1/2

~ The reason more isn’t…The reason more isn’t being built is zoning. (2)

~ People impose rules t…People impose rules that prohibit others from living in the city. (2)

讨论

Housing prices in Seattle will only come down if there's a downturn in the tech industry.

~ Housing relies on ris…Housing relies on rising house prices to function in the UK. (1) · 1/2

~ Affordable housing pr…Affordable housing programs often lead to higher overall prices. (1) · 1/2

~ There is so much dema…There is so much demand and money that prices won't go down. (4)

~ America adds 600k-1.2…America adds 600k-1.2M immigrants per year, straining limited supply (1) · 1/2

~ Companies concentrate…Companies concentrate demand for housing in a few areas. (1) · 1/2

~ The city council refu…The city council refuses to allow low cost apartments or assist funding them (1) · 1/2

~ LA is too big and spa…LA is too big and sparse for good mass transit. (1) · 1/2

~ Developers have an in…Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall. (1) · 1/2

~ YIMBY policies econom…YIMBY policies economically pollute areas with an influx of investment (1) · 1/2

~ Local control laws al…Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Housing relies on rising house prices to function in the UK.

~ Housing prices in Sea…Housing prices in Seattle will only come down if there's a downturn in the tech industry. (1) · 1/2

~ House prices in the U…House prices in the UK are high because of low supply and buoyant demand. (2)

~ Developers have an in…Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall. (2)

~ NIMBYs have broken tr…NIMBYs have broken traditional paths to adulthood and reduced mobility. (1) · 1/2

~ Progressive politicia…Progressive politicians block projects while supporting cheap housing projects. (1) · 1/2

~ The previous Governme…The previous Government made anti-supply changes to national planning policy. (1) · 1/2

~ Governments encourage…Governments encourage treating homes as savings vehicles with tax breaks. (1) · 1/2

~ ? (1) · 1/2

~ Deliberate policy tur…Deliberate policy turned homes into speculative assets and locked out a generation. (2)

~ New luxury apartments…New luxury apartments are bought by foreign investors who keep them empty. (1) · 1/2

~ Wealthy people want t…Wealthy people want to restrict zoning to inflate their wealth (1) · 1/2

讨论

Tying housing to your largest investment creates perverse incentives.

~ NIMBY exists to prote…NIMBY exists to protect most people's largest financial asset. (1) · 1/2

~ Property rights give …Property rights give owners priority access to land. (2)

~ Governments encourage…Governments encourage treating homes as savings vehicles with tax breaks. (2)

~ Zoning is often abuse…Zoning is often abused to protect landowners' assets. (1) · 1/2

~ Wealthy people want t…Wealthy people want to restrict zoning to inflate their wealth (3)

~ YIMBY policies econom…YIMBY policies economically pollute areas with an influx of investment (1) · 1/2

~ Cambridge lowers prop…Cambridge lowers property tax for owner-occupied homes to incentivize residency. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Local control laws allow anyone to stop development in others' yards.

~ Bay Area cities only …Bay Area cities only watch out for themselves, worsening housing issues. (1) · 1/2

~ Companies prefer regi…Companies prefer regional housing crises over investing in second tier cities. (1) · 1/2

~ NIMBY exists to prote…NIMBY exists to protect most people's largest financial asset. (1) · 1/2

~ The reason more isn’t…The reason more isn’t being built is zoning. (1) · 1/2

~ People resist newcome…People resist newcomers to maintain their standard of living. (1) · 1/2

~ There are illegal to …There are illegal to build 5-8 story apartment buildings in SF. (1) · 1/2

~ Zoning irresponsibly …Zoning irresponsibly near heavy transit restricts housing development. (1) · 1/2

~ SF has a complicated …SF has a complicated review process that lets neighbors hold up permits indefinitely. (4)

~ The city council refu…The city council refuses to allow low cost apartments or assist funding them (1) · 1/2

~ Vermont lacks a labor…Vermont lacks a labor pool to build new housing. (1) · 1/2

~ House prices in outly…House prices in outlying areas declined due to poor transportation. (1) · 1/2

~ LA is too big and spa…LA is too big and sparse for good mass transit. (1) · 1/2

~ House prices in the U…House prices in the UK are high because of low supply and buoyant demand. (1) · 1/2

~ Housing prices in Sea…Housing prices in Seattle will only come down if there's a downturn in the tech industry. (1) · 1/2

讨论

The previous Government made anti-supply changes to national planning policy.

~ Deliberate policy tur…Deliberate policy turned homes into speculative assets and locked out a generation. (1) · 1/2

~ Prop 13 removes incen…Prop 13 removes incentives for municipalities to approve new housing. (1) · 1/2

~ Developers have an in…Developers have an incentive to keep rents high overall. (1) · 1/2

~ Prop 13 creates broke…Prop 13 creates broken incentives for housing approval. (2)

~ The main reason we do…The main reason we don't have infinite housing is regulation. (1) · 1/2

~ Housing relies on ris…Housing relies on rising house prices to function in the UK. (1) · 1/2

~ The city council refu…The city council refuses to allow low cost apartments or assist funding them (2)

~ More density leads to…More density leads to a downgrade in quality of life for residents. (1) · 1/2

讨论

Prop 13 creates broken incentives for housing approval.

~ Corporate ownership o…Corporate ownership of purpose built units is necessary for housing supply. (3)

~ Proposition 13 limite…Proposition 13 limited annual property tax increases in California. (5)

~ Prop 13 removes incen…Prop 13 removes incentives for municipalities to approve new housing. (3)

~ The previous Governme…The previous Government made anti-supply changes to national planning policy. (2)

~ People living far fro…People living far from employment centers depend on driving cars. (1) · 1/2

~ The reason more isn’t…The reason more isn’t being built is zoning. (1) · 1/2

讨论

The city council refuses to allow low cost apartments or assist funding them